Osteoarthritis in dogs – what's behind it?

Is your dog refusing the next walk, avoiding its favorite spot on the bed, or reacting aggressively to touch? Changes in behavior should make dog owners take notice. Osteoarthritis in dogs develops gradually, and the symptoms can be difficult to interpret.

A visit to the vet will provide clarity. And remember: osteoarthritis can be treated! But what does the term mean, what symptoms often occur, and what treatment options are available? And how can dog owners actively support the therapy?

Osteoarthritis in dogs – what's behind it?

Osteoarthritis, also referred to as degenerative joint disease or arthrosis deformans, describes a chronic joint disease in dogs. It is a degenerative joint wear that leads to cartilage degradation and joint erosion, regardless of age

Cartilage degradation causes bones to rub against each other, leading to painful inflammation of the joint. This also permanently changes the structure of the joints.

Compared to arthritis, an infectious and acute joint inflammation, osteoarthritis is considered incurable. The disease can affect one or more joints.

Veterinarians distinguish between primary and secondary osteoarthritis in dogs. In primary osteoarthritis, the joint lubricant decreases with age. This can reduce the mobility of older dogs.

Large breeds such as Great Danes, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers are considered susceptible. However, any dog breed can suffer from joint disease and receive osteoarthritis treatment. Furthermore, the disease can be promoted by other factors such as obesity, poorly healed injuries, or lack of exercise.

Secondary osteoarthritis, on the other hand, can affect dogs of all ages and may be due to arthritis or malformation. For this reason, the diagnosis should not deter dog owners from pursuing therapy.

Because treatment by a veterinarian can permanently improve the animal's quality of life. Especially young dogs are given the chance to spend more happy and pain-free years through osteoarthritis treatment.

Causes of the disease

In addition to age-related joint wear, numerous causes can lead to osteoarthritis in dogs. For example, if a puppy's joints are overloaded, the risk of the dog developing osteoarthritis in the following years increases.

If the dog is not fed correctly and, for example, has a nutrient deficiency, this circumstance can also cause osteoarthritis. Obesity or pre-existing conditions such as fractures, capsule tears, or growth disorders can also be causes of the disease. Furthermore, a metabolic disorder or a malposition can lead to osteoarthritis.

The following causes are frequently identified:

• Genetic factors
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Joint overuse
• Obesity
• Injuries
• Inflammation such as arthritis

  [Infographic]



Symptoms – how osteoarthritis manifests itself

Admittedly: it takes time for joint wear in dogs to become noticeable. Furthermore, it is not always easy for dog owners to correctly interpret their dog's pain. For this reason, it is essential to have regular routine examinations to detect diseases early.

In addition: those who know their dog and observe them carefully will recognize unusual behavior. After all, not every dog that doesn't want to jump into the car has osteoarthritis. However, avoiding jumps can indicate osteoarthritis if the dog previously jumped into the car or onto the bed without problems.

The following symptoms can indicate joint problems in animals:

• The dog moves stiffly.
• The dog avoids movement.
• The dog plays less often.
• The dog is lame.
• The dog has warm or swollen joints.
• The dog's joints make noises.
• The dog favors its paws.
• The dog reacts aggressively to petting.
• The dog licks its paws frequently.
• The dog avoids hard, cold resting places.
• The dog cannot climb stairs.
• Jumping into the car causes difficulties.
• The dog loses muscle mass.
• The dog groans when getting up.
• The dog behaves unusually after exercise or in wet and cold weather.

  When is a vet visit necessary?

  A vet visit is necessary if the animal shows changed behavior that the dog owner cannot interpret or associates with an illness. Physical signs such as muscle atrophy should also be medically examined.

If a dog has osteoarthritis, is it already too late for treatment? At every stage of the disease, dog owners should consult a veterinarian immediately and have the dog examined to reduce pain.

The anamnesis is followed by a comprehensive examination. Based on the diagnosis, the veterinarian then develops an individual therapy plan for the affected dog. For severe pain, painkillers are usually administered. Osteoarthritis in the initial stage, however, can be treated, for example, by changing the diet.

How the veterinarian makes the diagnosis

To make a diagnosis, the veterinarian first interviews the dog owner. Then, the medical professional palpates the animal's joints.

In addition, X-rays are taken. A computed tomography (CT) scan also offers the possibility to examine affected joints more closely, visualize possible wear, and measure cartilage. To rule out arthritis, joint fluid, also known as synovia, is also taken using a fine needle and analyzed.

Another option is body fat measurement (Body Condition Score, or BCS). In this way, the veterinarian determines whether the dog is overweight. The therapy plan is then created after the diagnosis.

Course of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis in dogs develops gradually. Initially, lameness may occur. Subsequently, the dog's mobility and joint flexibility may progressively decrease. Pain only appears at a later stage.

Due to this, the four-legged friend restricts movement, which leads to muscle loss. Untreated, the lack of movement and progression of the disease can lead to a reduction in the dog's quality of life.

How dangerous is osteoarthritis in dogs?

Osteoarthritis in dogs is not curable but can be treated. The insidious thing is that there is no pain at the beginning of the disease. The cartilage in the joint gradually breaks down. In addition, the joint fluid can thin out.

As a result, osteophytes, small growths on the joint surfaces, form. These, in turn, can lead to restricted mobility and pinched nerves. Over time, the entire joint is permanently destroyed.

What treatment options are available?

What helps with osteoarthritis in dogs? This question desperately arises for dog owners when their four-legged friend receives an "osteoarthritis" diagnosis. To slow down the disease's progression, diverse treatment options are available.

It is important to note: an overweight osteoarthritic dog can achieve weight reduction through a changed diet. Severe pain can be alleviated with medication, and physiotherapeutic support maintains the dog's mobility. Acupuncture or physical therapy can also counteract stiffness.

In any case, dog owners should implement their dog's osteoarthritis therapy only in consultation with the veterinarian. For example, pain medications from human medicine are generally not suitable for animals. Side effects or health-endangering intoxications cannot be ruled out here. In this way, dog owners can even endanger the dog's life.

Medication

Drug treatment can improve the dog's quality of life. Because medicines with an anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effect enable the animal to live an almost pain-free life. However, painkillers, also called analgesics, can lead to gastrointestinal problems.

In particular, NSAIDs without cortisone can promote the development of stomach ulcers or perforations. For this reason, a proton pump inhibitor is often administered in parallel. Cortisone-containing medications are used when osteoarthritis is accompanied by arthritis. The goal is to combat inflammation.

Conservative Treatment

To slow the progression of osteoarthritis, conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, exercise training, or a diet can be used. Furthermore, dog owners can, in consultation with the treating veterinarian, resort to supplementary feeds for the animal.

Gold acupuncture with gold bead needles is also said to positively influence the progression of the disease. Shockwave therapy or an injection of the body's own substance, hyaluronic acid, which is injected into the joint, are also possible.

Surgery

If hip dysplasia or a similar condition is present, the bone fragments must be surgically removed from the joint capsule. The implantation of an artificial joint is also feasible during an operation. These are carried out in a specialized veterinary clinic.

Home remedies for osteoarthritis – what helps the dog

Osteoarthritis in its early stages can be treated with home remedies – as a supplement to the veterinarian's treatment plan.

The following home remedies can provide relief:

• Warm compresses can relieve pain if there is no joint inflammation.
  • Cooling pads can be placed on the joint in case of inflammation.
  • Ginger can have an anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Turmeric is said to have pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Herbal poultices made from comfrey, echinacea, calendula, or arnica are said to have anti-inflammatory effects.

    Homeopathy for dogs with osteoarthritis

    Natural osteoarthritis treatment for dogs: In alternative medicine, naturopaths typically prescribe complex remedies such as Traumeel or tablets and globules for canine osteoarthritis.

  Common remedies include Conium D4, Causticum D12, and Rhus toxicodendron D12. Acupuncture and osteopathy are also used. Alternative medicine can be a supplement to conventional treatment methods or replace medical care.

  How much exercise is possible?

  A dog with osteoarthritis should get enough exercise daily. It is therefore advisable to continue walking the dog at a moderate pace.

  This can prevent muscle atrophy and progressive mobility restriction. In addition, only joints that are moved are supplied with nutrients. Stagnation can therefore lead to a worsening of the symptoms.

  Relaxed walks and swimming excursions are possible. Swimming strengthens the dog's muscles and protects the joints. Stairs can be replaced by ramps to protect the dog's joints. If the dog is very playful, it is advisable to choose a soft surface, such as the forest floor.

  A tip: Dog owners can hide treats that the dog has to search for. Search games do not require sudden braking and are therefore also suitable for four-legged friends with osteoarthritis.

  What the dog should eat

  For both humans and dogs: A balanced and comprehensive diet and a health-promoting body weight are paramount. If osteoarthritis has been diagnosed, the pet should especially consume foods with a high vitamin C and vitamin E content. Omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil are also recommended.

  Furthermore, the veterinarian may recommend administering nutritional supplements. For example, Collagen Type I can support joint regeneration, while hyaluronic acid can keep the joints supple. If the dog is overweight, it is advisable to put the dog on a diet and administer a special food.

  The following points characterize suitable food for dogs with osteoarthritis:

  • no genetically modified ingredients
  • made from gently processed, fresh foods
  • contains no wheat
  • contains no salt, sugar, or additives

    Helpful tips for dog owners

    Joint problems in dogs: With the right therapy, a dog with osteoarthritis can usually look forward to many more happy years. To prevent the disease, dog owners ensure a healthy diet and a controlled body weight for their furry friend. Anyone who exclusively uses high-quality dog food that contains no wheat and no additives supports the health of their four-legged friend.

  Plenty of exercise ensures strong muscles and high mobility. If you acquire a dog as a puppy, you should also inquire about the measures the breeder has taken regarding controlled and healthy growth.

  In some cases, end-stage osteoarthritis can also lead to dog owners having to consider euthanasia. The rule here is: If the dog is in severe pain and can no longer move, it may be sensible to put the animal to sleep.

  FAQ: Osteoarthritis in dogs – what helps?

  Should a dog with osteoarthritis walk a lot?

  A dog with osteoarthritis should continue to move.

  How can I help my dog with osteoarthritis?

  High-quality food, optimal body weight, and sufficient exercise can slow down the progression of osteoarthritis. Home remedies can also be used.

  What is a good pain reliever for osteoarthritis in dogs?

  Various pain relievers can be used for osteoarthritis. The therapy depends on the diagnosis.

  What is the best food for my dog with osteoarthritis?

  The dog should receive high-quality dog food made from natural ingredients. Sugar, wheat, salt, preservatives, and flavor enhancers should not be included.

  Conclusion – numerous treatment options for dogs with osteoarthritis

  The chronic joint disease "osteoarthritis" develops unnoticed and can be accompanied by severe pain. If dog owners observe unusual behavior in their loyal companion, they should consult a veterinarian and describe all abnormalities during the anamnesis.

  Based on the diagnosis, the veterinarian develops a therapy plan to slow down the progression of the disease. In addition to medicinal treatment, numerous therapeutic methods exist that can avoid surgery.

  Dog owners can support the therapy by following the therapy plan and, for example, consistently putting the dog on a diet. In the initial stage, home remedies such as herbal compresses can also provide relief.

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

What is canine osteoarthritis?

Canine osteoarthritis, also known as osteoarthrosis, is a chronic joint disease characterized by degenerative joint wear and cartilage breakdown. This causes the bones to rub directly against each other, leading to painful inflammation and lasting changes in joint structure.

What symptoms can indicate osteoarthritis in dogs?

Symptoms of osteoarthritis in dogs include stiffness, avoidance of movement, less frequent play, lameness, warm or swollen joints, joint noises, favoring paws, aggression when touched, frequent paw licking, avoiding hard or cold resting places, difficulty climbing stairs or jumping into the car, muscle atrophy, groaning when getting up, and unusual behavior after exercise or in cold, wet weather.

What causes can lead to osteoarthritis in dogs?

Causes of osteoarthritis in dogs include age-related joint wear, genetic factors, dietary errors, joint overuse, obesity, injuries such as fractures or capsule tears, inflammation such as arthritis, metabolic disorders, and misalignments.

How is osteoarthritis diagnosed in dogs?

To diagnose, the veterinarian first questions the dog owner, palpates the joints, and takes X-rays. Additionally, a computed tomography (CT) scan can be used for a more precise examination of the joints and cartilage measurement. To rule out arthritis, joint fluid (synovia) is taken and analyzed. A body fat measurement (Body Condition Score) also helps to detect obesity.

Is osteoarthritis curable in dogs, and how does the disease progress?

Osteoarthritis in dogs is not curable but develops gradually. Initially, lameness often appears, followed by increasing restriction of movement and pain. The pain leads to lack of exercise and muscle atrophy, which ultimately reduces the dog's quality of life.

What treatment options are available for dogs with osteoarthritis?

Treatment includes weight reduction for obese dogs through dietary changes, pain medication to alleviate severe pain, physiotherapeutic measures to maintain mobility, as well as acupuncture and physical therapies for stiffness. Therapy should always be carried out in consultation with the veterinarian.

When should a veterinarian be consulted if osteoarthritis is suspected?

A veterinarian visit is necessary if the dog shows altered behavior that the owner cannot interpret, or if physical signs such as muscle atrophy occur. Even with initial symptoms such as lameness or restricted movement, the dog should be examined to initiate treatment early.

Which dogs are particularly susceptible to osteoarthritis?

Large dog breeds such as Great Danes, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers are considered particularly susceptible to osteoarthritis. However, any dog breed can suffer from joint diseases and benefit from osteoarthritis treatment.